ၿပိဳင္ပြဲပံုျပင္

တစ္ခါမွာေတာ႔ ကမာၻႏိုင္ငံေတြဟာ သူတို႔ႏိုင္ငံေတြရဲ႕ နည္းပညာသမိုင္းကုိ ေလ႔လာခ်င္တာနဲ႔ ေျမႀကီးေအာက္ကုိ ေပတစ္ေသာင္းစီ အၿပိဳင္အဆိုင္ တူးၾကည့္ၾကသတဲ႔။

ပထမတူးၾကည့္တဲ႔ ႏိုင္ငံကေတာ႔ တရုပ္ႏိုင္ငံျဖစ္သတဲ႔....၊ ဘာေတြ ေတြ႕ရလဲဆိုရင္ လွ်ပ္စစ္ သံနန္းႀကိဳးမွ်င္ အေဟာင္းေတြကုိ ေတြ႕ရတယ္။ ဒီေတာ႔ “ဟာ....၊ ငါတို႔ ႏိုင္ငံဟာ ဟိုးအရင္ေခတ္ကတည္းက လွ်ပ္စစ္ နည္းပညာကုိ သံုးစြဲႏိုင္ခဲ႔ၾကတာပဲ” လို႔ ေကာက္ခ်က္ခ်လိုက္ၾကတယ္...။

ဒုတိယတူးၾကည့္တဲ႔ ႏိုင္ငံကေတာ႔ အေမရိကန္ႏိုင္ငံျဖစ္ၿပီး ဘာေတြေတြ႕ရလဲဆိုရင္ ဖိုက္ဖာလ္ေအာလ္တစ္ ေကဘယ္လ္ႀကိဳးေဟာင္းေတြကို ေတြ႕ၾကရတယ္...။ ဒါနဲ႔ သူတို႔လည္း “ဟာ....၊ ငါတို႔ ႏိုင္ငံဟာ ဟိုးအရင္ေခတ္ ကတည္းက အလင္းလိႈင္း နည္းပညာကို အသံုးခ်ႏိုင္ခဲ႔ၾကတာပဲ” လို႔ ေကာက္ခ်က္ခ်လိုက္ၾကတယ္။

တတိယေျမာက္ တူးၾကည့္တဲ႔ ႏိုင္ငံကေတာ႔ ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံတဲ႔....၊ ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံ အလွည္မွာေတာ႔ တူးလိုက္တာ.... ေပတစ္ေသာင္းလည္း ဘာမွမေတြ႕...၊ ေပႏွစ္ေသာင္းလည္း ဘာမွမေတြ႕.... ေနာက္ဆံုး ေပသံုးေသာင္းထိ တူးၿပီးတဲ႔ ေနာက္မွာေတာ႔ သူတို႔ဟာ ေဟာဒီအတိုင္း ေကာက္ခ်က္ခ်လိုက္ေတာ႔တယ္တဲ႔ .....။

“ဟာ....၊ ငါတို႔ ႏိုင္ငံဟာ ဟိုးအရင္ေခတ္ ကတည္းက ႀကိဳးမဲ႔ဆက္သြယ္ေရး (wireless) နည္းပညာကုိ အသံုးခ်ႏိုင္ခဲ႔တာပဲ.....”

လမ္းဆံု

အမ်ားအတြက္ေတာ႔
ေျပာမယ္ဆုိရင္လည္း ေျပာခ်င္စရာခ်ည္းပဲ
စဥ္းစားမယ္ဆိုရင္လည္း စဥ္းစားခ်င္စရာခ်ည္းပဲ
ေတြးမယ္ဆိုရင္လည္း ေတြးခ်င္စရာခ်ည္းပဲ
ပန္းႏုေရာင္ စစ္တလင္းထဲ
ငါတို႔ရင္ဆိုင္ေတြ႕မိပံုကလည္း
ပန္းေတြအားလံုးထက္ ေမႊးလို႔
စမ္းေတြအားလံုးထက္ ေအးလို႔
ေနာက္....
လမ္းေတြအားလံုးထက္လည္း ေဝးလို႔....။

ဒါေပမယ္႔ ...
ေရမ်ားေရႏိုင္ မီးမ်ားမီးႏိုင္ပါပဲေလ
ဘယ္လို အကြာအေဝးေတြကမ်ား
ငါတို႔အခ်စ္ကုိ တိုက္စားပစ္ႏိုင္ခဲ႔လို႔လဲ
ငါတို႔ဘာသာ
“ဤ” လို႔ပဲ ဖတ္ဖတ္....
“ကၽြဲ” လို႔ပဲ ဖတ္ဖတ္....
ငါတို႔ ရင္ဘတ္ေတြကုိ ဝင္မခတ္သြားရင္
ၿပီးတာပဲမဟုတ္လား၊
မနက္ျဖန္ရဲ႕ အဓိပၸါယ္ကုိဖြင့္ဖို႔ဆိုတာ လြယ္ပါတယ္
တစ္ေယာက္နာမည္ကုိ တစ္ေယာက္
ဂါထာတစ္ပုဒ္လို ေကာက္ရြတ္လိုက္ၾကရံုပဲေလ...။

အရာရာဟာ သိပ္ကို မႈန္ဝါးေနေသးေပမယ္႔
အေပ်ာ္တမ္း ထြန္ယက္ခဲ႔တာ မဟုတ္ဘူး၊
“မင္းက ကုိယ္႔ကုိ တစ္စံုတစ္ခုေပးခဲ႔ရင္
မင္းေပးသလို
ကုိယ္လည္း တစ္စံုတစ္ခု ဆံုးရႈံးရတာပဲ၊”*
မင္း လက္နက္ခ်လိုက္တိုင္း
ငါ အျမဲ ရႈံးနိမ္႔တယ္၊
မင္း ေအာင္ျမင္လိုက္တိုင္း
ငါ အျမဲ အႏိုင္ရတယ္၊
“အခ်စ္ဆုိတာ
ႏွစ္ေယာက္ ကစားၿပီး
ႏွစ္ေယာက္လံုး ႏိုင္တဲ႔ ကစားနည္း ျဖစ္သင့္တယ္”** မဟုတ္လား....

ငါတို႔ အခ်စ္ဟာ
ကမာၻႀကီး ျပားၿပီး
ရြာႀကီးတစ္ရြာ ျဖစ္သြားတယ္ဆိုတာနဲ႔
ေန႔ညမတူတဲ႔ လူႏွစ္ေယာက္
အိပ္မက္တစ္ခု အတူမက္ႏိုင္ေၾကာင္း သက္ေသျပဖို႔
ေနာက္...
“ယင္းမာပင္” ဆိုတဲ႔ အညာၿမိဳ႕ေသးေသးေလးရဲ႕
တမာပင္ေတြေအာက္မွာ အတူလက္တြဲ လမ္းေလွ်ာက္ဖို႔
ေအာ္....
မယံုႏိုင္ဖြယ္ရာ....
အံ႔ၾသဖြယ္ရာ....
ဂူတစ္ဂူထဲမွာ
ျခေသၤႏွစ္ေကာင္ေအာင္းမိပံုမ်ား ေျပာပါတယ္။

စိုးျမင့္သိန္း - သမုတိမ်ားႏွင့္ကစားျခင္း**
"OVA" HipHop Band ၏ သီခ်င္းစာသား*

+ စိုးလိႈက္ဦး (ယင္းမာပင္) +

ကၽြန္ေတာ္နဲ႔ သူမ

“နားလည္မႈ” ဆိုတာကုိ
သူမက အဓိပၸါယ္ဖြင့္ရမွ နားလည္ၿပီး
ကၽြန္ေတာ္က ဒီအတိုင္းပဲ နားလည္လိုက္တယ္။

ေနာင္ဘဝရွိတယ္ ဆိုတာက်
သူကမ ဘုရားေဟာသံသရာ ဆိုတာနဲ႔ ယံုၾကည္ၿပီး
ကၽြန္ေတာ္က အိုင္စတိုင္းရဲ႕ “စြမ္းအင္ေတြဟာ အသြင္ေျပာင္းတာပဲ ရွိတယ္၊ ကြယ္ေပ်ာက္သြားတာ မရွိဘူး” ဆိုတာနဲ႔ လက္ခံတယ္။

ကံတရားဆိုတာကုိ
သူမက “ေလာကဓံရွစ္ပါး” နဲ႔ ေၾကာက္ရြံ႕တတ္ၿပီး
ကၽြန္ေတာ္က “ဘုရားသခင္ ေႂကြအန္မကစားဘူး” ဆိုတာနဲ႔ တုန္လႈပ္တတ္တယ္။

ခရီးစဥ္ေတြကိုက်
သူမက ရထားတစ္စင္းလို ခုတ္ေမာင္းတတ္ၿပီး
ကၽြန္ေတာ္က ေလွတစ္စင္းနဲ႔ ရြက္လႊင့္တတ္တယ္။

ပန္းတိုင္ ဆိုတာကုိ
သူမက အမွားကင္းျခင္းနဲ႔ ခ်ဥ္းကပ္တတ္ၿပီး
ကၽြန္ေတာ္က အမွန္ရွာေဖြျခင္းနဲ႔ ေရြးလ်ားတတ္တယ္။

အမွား ဆိုတာကုိက်
သူမက ခဲဖ်က္ေလး၊ ဓါးေလးေတြနဲ႔ မသိသာေအာင္ ဖ်က္ပစ္တတ္ၿပီး
ကၽြန္ေတာ္က ေဘာပင္နဲ႔ တစ္ေၾကာင္းတည္း ဆြဲျခစ္ပစ္တတ္တယ္။

အလြမ္း ဆိုတာကုိ
သူမက ကၽြန္ေတာ္႔ကုိ သတိရျခင္းနဲ႔ ယံုၾကည္ၿပီး
ကၽြန္ေတာ္က သူမကုိ လြမ္းဆြတ္ျခင္းနဲ႔ လက္ခံတယ္။

ဘာပဲေျပာေျပာ....တကယ္တမ္းက်
သူမရဲ႕ ခ်စ္သူဟာ ကၽြန္ေတာ္ျဖစ္ၿပီး
ကၽြန္ေတာ္႔ခ်စ္သူဟာ သူမပါပဲေလ...။

+ စိုးလိႈက္ဦး (ယင္းမာပင္) +

အခန္းဆက္

ဒီလိုနဲ႔ပဲ
အဲဒီ အစီအစဥ္ေလးကုိ ေစာင့္ၾကည့္ျဖစ္သြားတယ္
ကုိယ္က ေစာင့္ေနလို႔မ်ားလား
ေတာ္ေတာ္ေလး ေနာက္က်ၿပီးမွ လာတယ္
ၿပီးေတာ႔ “ဆက္ရန္”လို႔ စာတန္းထိုးတယ္။

ကုိယ္႔မွာသာ
ေစာင့္ရက်ိဳးနပ္ေအာင္ ဆက္ေစာင့္ေနရတယ္
ကိုယ္႔မၾကည့္ျဖစ္တဲ႔ ရက္ေလးမွာ ၿပီးပါၿပီတဲ႔
မင္းသားနဲ႔ မင္းသမီးကုိ ေပးစားလုိက္ၾကပံုပါပဲ

ကိုယ္႔မွာသာ...
ေစာင့္ရက်ိဳးနပ္ေအာင္ ဆက္ေစာင့္ေနရတယ္
ကုိယ္ မၾကည့္ျဖစ္တဲ႔ ရက္ေလးမွာ “ၿပီးပါၿပီ” တဲ႔
ဒီလိုနဲ႔ပဲ
အဲဒီ အစီအစဥ္ေလးကုိ ေစာင့္ၾကည့္ျဖစ္သြားတယ္။

+ စိုးလိႈက္ဦး (ယင္းမာပင္) +

...ႏိုးႏိုး

ေဆးစာဖတ္ရာ၊ နားေထာင္ကာ
ေရာဂါေပ်ာက္ ႏိုးႏိုး။

ေဗဒင္ေမးရာ၊ တြက္ခ်က္ရွာ
ဥစၥာရ ႏိုးႏိုး။

မယားယူရာ၊ ခယ္မပါ
ကုိယ္သာ ရႏိုးႏိုး။

Via:“စံျမင့္မွတ္စု - မင္းလွစံျမင့္” စာအုပ္မွ

လမ္းခြဲ

ဒါ ငါ႔မာၻဦးေပါ႔
အာဒံဟာ သူ႕နံရိုးကုိ ထုတ္ေပးခဲ႔တယ္
ဧဒင္ဥယ်ာဥ္က ေပၚမလာဘူး၊
နတ္ဆိုးရဲ႕ ေႁမြေတြပဲ လံုးေထြးတက္လာခဲ႔တယ္၊
ဘယ္အပင္ကမွ ပန္းသီး မသီးဘူး
မီးကုိပဲ စတင္ေတြ႕ရွိခဲ႔တယ္၊

ဘဝကုိ ေကြ႕ေကြ႕ေကာက္ေကာက္ ေလွ်ာက္ခ်င္ေနတဲ႔
ဆံပင္ေကာက္ေကာက္ ေကာင္မေလးက
ရယ္ရယ္ေမာေမာ ေလျပည္ထိုးေသးရဲ႕
ဘဝဆိုတာ သဲထဲေရသြန္ပဲ မဟုတ္လား...
ေအး... ငါ႔မွာ
သြန္စရာ တစ္စံုတစ္ခုက်န္ေသးတယ္ဆုိရင္ မွားတယ္၊
အခ်စ္ဆိုတာ
အခမဲ႔ျဖန္႔ေဝျခင္းလို႔ မင္းထင္ေနရင္ မွားတယ္၊
ဆိုဖူးတဲ႔ သစၥာစကားတိုင္း
က်မ္းစူးဖို႔ သက္သက္ဆိုရင္
သြားေသလိုက္ !
လူဆိုတာ ကုိယ္႔ထိုက္နဲ႔ ကုိယ္႔ကံပဲ
မၾကားဘဲလည္း ေျပာခဲ႔ရတယ္
မေျပာဘဲလည္း ၿပီးခဲ႔ရတယ္
မျမည္ဘဲလည္း တီးခဲ႔ရတယ္
ငါဟာ ေရႊပန္းကန္မဟုတ္ေပမယ္႔လည္း
အထိေတာ႔မခံဘူး
သုညနဲ႔ေတာ႔ လာမေျမွာက္နဲ႔...။

သူမကားကုိ သူမ
ေသာ႔ဖြင့္ၿပီး ေမာင္းထြက္သြားတဲ႔ေနာက္
ငါကလည္း
ငါ႔ဖိနပ္ကုိ ငါ ရွပ္တိုက္စီးၿပီး ျပန္လာခဲ႔တယ္
ထားလိုက္...
အဲဒီပံုျပင္ကုိ အဲဒီမွာ ရပ္ထားလိုက္၊
မေသမခ်င္းမွတ္ထား
ေနာင္...ဘာကုိမွ အလကားမေပးမိေစနဲ႔။

တေငြ႕ေငြ႕ေလာင္ေနတဲ႔ စိတ္ကုိ
ခတ္ဆတ္ဆတ္ ေတာက္ခ်လိုက္တယ္...
ေနာက္
မီးနီမိေနတဲ႔ လူကူးမ်ဥ္းက်ားကုိ
ငါတစ္ေယာက္တည္း ျဖတ္ကူးရင္း
တစ္စံုတစ္ေယာက္ စြန္႔ပစ္ခဲ႔ပံုရတဲ႔
မာရဇၨရဲ႕ ဆင္ၿမီးကြင္းလက္စြပ္ေလးကုိ တက္နင္းပစ္လိုက္တယ္။

+ စိုးလိႈက္ဦး (ယင္းမာပင္) +

ေမေမနဲ႔ ကၽြန္ေတာ္

ေမေမက အသက္ငါးဆယ္ေက်ာ္ၿပီ
ေခတ္ကို ေျပးမလိုက္ဘူး
ကၽြန္ေတာ္႔က အသက္ အစိတ္
ေခတ္ကုိ ေခါင္းနဲ႔ ေျပးတိုက္တဲ႔အခါ တိုက္
ခလုတ္တိုက္တဲ႔အခါ တိုက္
ထိပ္ေပါက္ေခါင္းကြဲ နဲ႔
ေခါင္းကုိက္ေပ်ာက္ေဆးေပါင္းလည္း မနည္းေတာ႔ဘူး...။

ေမေမက အသက္ႀကီးၿပီ
(သူ႔သားသမီးေတြ အေၾကာင္းကလြဲရင္...)
အျခား ဘာမွ မသိခ်င္ေတာ႔ဘူး
ရိုးရိုးေလးပဲ ေတြးတယ္
အေျဖက ဝင္းကနဲပဲ...

ကၽြန္ေတာ္က မငယ္ေတာ႔ဘူး
မသိခ်င္တာလည္း ဘာမွ မရွိဘူး
ဦးထုပ္ေျခာက္လုံုးနဲ႔ ေခးေဝါ႔စ္
ကမာၻျပားျခင္းနဲ႔ စစ္ေအးလြန္အိပ္မက္သစ္
လစ္ဇင္ေပါင္းက ေသာင္းေျခာက္ေထာင္
နဖူးေပၚလက္တင္လိုက္၊
လက္ေပၚနဖူးတင္လိုက္၊
အမ်ိဳးမ်ိဳးဦးေႏွာက္ေျခာက္တယ္
ဘယ္ေတာ႔မွလည္း အေျဖမထြက္ဘူး...။

ေမေမက
ေၾကးစည္ေလးကုိ ထုလို႔
ေအးေအခ်မ္းခ်မ္း အမွ်ေဝေနတယ္၊
ကၽြန္ေတာ္က
ပင္လယ္စာေတြစားၿပီး
“ေပၚလီယာနာ”နဲ႔ ေျဖေဆးမထိုးႏိုင္တဲ႔သူ...
အယူမသည္းတတ္ေပမယ္႔
အလြယ္တကူေတာ႔
သာဓု မေခၚႏိုင္ဘူး.... ေမေမ....။

+ စိုးလိႈက္ဦး (ယင္းမာပင္) +

မိုင္းေမာၿမိဳ႕ေဟာင္း

ပုဂံၿမိဳ႕ျပႏို္င္ငံေတာ္ေပၚထြန္းျခင္းနဲ႕ ျမန္မာလူမ်ိဳးမ်ား ဝင္ေရာက္လာျခင္းကို ဆက္စပ္ဆန္းစစ္ၾကရာကေန ျမန္မာအစ ေက်ာက္ဆည္ကဆိုၿပီး G.H,Luce အဆိုကို အေနာက္တိုင္း သမိုင္းပညာရွင္အမ်ားစုက လက္ခံခဲ့ ၾကပါတယ္.. ဒီအယူအဆကို ဆက္လက္လက္ခံၾကတဲ့ ျမန္မာပညာရွင္မ်ားလည္းရိွၾကပါတယ္... အဲဒါနဲ႕အၿပိဳင္ ျမန္မာအစ တေကာင္းက ဆုိတဲ့ ျမန္မာရာဇဝင္က်မ္းမ်ားဘက္ကို ညႊန္းဆိုလက္ခံတဲ့အဆိုမ်ားလည္း ရိွပါ တယ္.....

ထိုနည္းတူစြာ အေရွ႕ေတာင္အာရွေဒသ ေခတ္ဦးကာလနဲ႕ ေခတ္ဦးအႀကိဳကာလနဲ႕ပတ္သက္ၿပီး ေလ့လာၾက သူမ်ားျဖစ္တဲ့ ျပင္သစ္နဲ႕ အဂၤလိပ္ ပညာရွင္အုပ္စုႀကီးႏွစ္ခုရဲ႕ ရပ္တည္ခ်က္မ်ားအရလည္း အေရွ႕ေတာင္ အာရွေဒသကို ယဥ္ေက်းမႈခ်ဲ႕ထြင္ျခင္းနဲ႕ နယ္ပယ္ခ်ဲ႕ထြင္ျခင္းကာလစတင္တဲ့ေနရာ၊ တိုးတက္ က်ယ္ျပန္႔ျဖစ္ထြန္း ျခင္းနဲ႕ စပ္လ်ဥ္းလို႕ ယူဆခ်က္အမ်ိဳးမ်ိဳးရိွေနပါတယ္..

အဲဒီလို ယူဆခ်က္အမ်ိဳးမ်ိဳးၾကားထဲက ဘယ္သီအိုရီ အမွန္ဆိုတာကို သိႏိုင္ဖို႕အတြက္ ေနာက္ဆက္တြဲ ေလ့လာမႈမ်ားႏွင့္ ပညာရပ္ဆိုင္ရာစိတ္ဝင္စားသူမ်ား၊ သုေတသီမ်ား၊ သုေတသနသစ္မ်ားရဲ႕ ေက်းဇူးေၾကာင့္သာ သိလာႏိုင္မွာျဖစ္ တာကေတာ့ ေျပာေနစရာလိုမယ္မထင္ပါဘူး...

ျမန္မာအစသီအိုရီအရပ္ရပ္အနက္ ျမန္မာအစေက်ာက္ဆည္ကနဲ႕ပတ္သက္လို႕ ျငင္းဆုိခဲ့ၾကတာ ေတာ္ေတာ္ ၾကာေနပါၿပီ.. ဒါေပမယ့္ ျမန္မာအစဆိုတာ... ျမန္မာအစ ေက်ာက္ဆည္ကလည္း မဟုတ္ဘူး... ျမန္မာအစ တေကာင္းကလည္းမဟုတ္ဘူး... ျမန္မာအစ ပုဂံကလည္းမဟုတ္ဘူး... ျမန္မာအစ ပဒလင္းဂူက ဆိုတာလည္း မဟုတ္ဘူး.. ျမန္မာအစ ျမန္မာက လို႕ ေျပာဆိုတင္ျပၾကျပန္ပါတယ္....

ျမန္မာအစ ေက်ာက္ဆည္က အဆိုနဲ႕ ျမန္မာအစတေကာင္းကဆိုတဲ့ အဆိုႏွစ္ခုအားၿပိဳင္မႈဟာ ျမန္မာသမိုင္း ေလ့လာမႈမွာ အသစ္ျဖစ္ထြန္းေပၚေပါက္ တိုးတက္မႈမ်ားစြာကို သယ္ေဆာင္လာခဲ့ပါတယ္... ျမန္မာအစ ေက်ာက္ဆည္ကလို႕ အဆိုကို ေယဘုယ်လက္ခံထားတဲ့အခ်ိန္မွာ ေက်ာက္ဆည္အနီးက မိုင္းေမာၿမိဳ႕ေဟာင္း ေတြ႕ရိွမႈကလည္း ျမန္မာသမိုင္းေလ့လာသူမ်ားအတြက္ စိတ္ဝင္စားစရာေကာင္းလွ ပါတယ္...

ေဒသဆိုင္ရာပံုျပင္မ်ား၊ လက္ဆင့္ကမ္းေနာက္ေၾကာင္းျပန္ အျဖစ္အပ်က္မ်ားနဲ႕ ေဒသခံမ်ားရဲ႕ ယံုၾကည္ ယူဆခ်က္မ်ား၊ ဒ႑ာရီမ်ားအပါအဝင္ ေရးသားမွတ္တမ္းတင္ျခင္း မျပဳရေသးတဲ့ ညႊန္းဆိုခ်က္မ်ား၊ စာေပ ေရးသားမွတ္တမ္းတင္ခ်က္မ်ားအရ ဒီေက်ာက္ဆည္ေဒသပတ္ဝန္းက်င္ဟာ စိတ္ဝင္စားဖုိ႕ေကာင္းလွပါတယ္။

တဆက္တည္းမွာပဲ ေရွးဦးျမန္မာေတြ ေျမျပန္႕ေဒသကို ဆင္းလာၾကတယ္ဆိုတဲ့ လမ္းေၾကာင္းကို ပညာရွင္မ်ားမွန္းဆၾကတဲ့အခါ နတ္ထိပ္ေတာင္ၾကားကေန ဆင္းလာၾကလိမ့္မယ္လို႕ ယူဆၾကပါတယ္...။ အခု ေျပာမယ့္ မိုင္းေမာၿမိဳ႕ေဟာင္းဟာ အဲဒီနတ္ထိပ္ေတာင္ၾကားလမ္းနဲ႔ သိပ္မေဝးပါဘူး.....

မိုင္းေမာၿမဳိ႕ေဟာင္းနဲ႕ပတ္သက္လို႕ ဆရာႀကီးေဒါက္တာ သန္းထြန္း က The Working People’s Daily, 24-25 February 1978 မွာ ေရးသားတင္ျပခဲ့တာကို မိုးဂ်ာနယ္မွာေတြ႕လို႕ ကူးယူတင္ျပပါတယ္...အထူးသျဖင့္ ဆရာႀကီးပါေမာကၡ GH,Luce ရဲ႕ Master Piece လို႕ေျပာႏိုင္တဲ့ Old Burma Early Bagan စာအုပ္ႀကီး သံုးတြဲဟာ ျမန္မာသမိုင္းေလ့လာသူပညာရွင္မ်ားအၾကား အေျခအတင္အျငင္းပြားမႈမ်ား၊ အယူအဆသစ္မ်ားကို ေနာက္ဆက္တြဲေပၚေပါက္ေစခဲ့ပါတယ္...

ကၽြန္ေတာ့္အေနနဲ႕ အဲဒီစာအုပ္သံုးတြဲကို မဖတ္ဖူးေသးပါဘူး....သမိုင္းေက်ာင္းသားမို႕စာမစံုေသးဘူး :D// ဒါ့အျပင္ Six Enormous Volume လို႕ေခၚတဲ့ Epigraphiminia Birminicar ကိုလည္း မဖတ္ဖူးေသးပါဘူး... ရိွတဲ့ သိတဲ့သူမ်ားရိွရင္ လမ္းညႊန္ၾကပါဦး..

"A forgotten town of Myanmar by farmers producing Rice by Irrigation ( Insearch of Old Town; Maing Maw)"

Not very far away from the Nattheik pass through which a route from Lawksawk and Pindaya of the Shan Shills comes down to the Kyaukse plain, there stands an old fortified town site close to a bend on the Panlaung river. It is about five miles to the south east of Kume by it is quite close to Pinle or Myodwin near Thabyedaung which is a small railways station south of Kyaukse on the Yangon Mandalay line.

We all have forgotten this town simply because it was built and destroyed, I think, before the
Burmans were settled in the plains and had time and technique to keep written records. To the west of it, at a distance of less than three miles, stands Pinle which we remember as a town which was first ever inhabited by the Burmans.

In fact it is one of the first 11 towns occupied by the Burmans who came into the plains and who turned into rice growing farmers using irrigation. The 11 are (1) Pinle on the north east of Thabyedaung on the Samon river, (2) Pyinmana on the west bank of Panlaung river, a little north of Kume, (3) Myittha, (4)Ywamongyi, (5) Myingondaing, (6) Panan on the Panlaung river, four mile west of Kyaukse, (7) Tamoke on the Panlaung west of Kyaukse, in the neighborhood of Rakhine, (9) Makkhaya where the Myitnge river and the Zawgyi river meet, (10) Thapyaktha on the west north west of Makkhaya, and (11) Khanlhu on the west of Thapyaktha.

They were known by the name of Eleven Khayaings in the early Burmese inscriptions. But later Burmese inscriptions. But later Burmans reduced them to only Nine Khayaings, viz. (1) Sowhla on the north of Ywakhainggyi, (2) Pinle, (3)Myittha, (4)Pyinmanar, (5) Myaunghla on the west of Kyaka, (6) Myingondaing, (7) Panan, (8) Makkhaya and (9) Myinzaing.

When the two lists are compared we find that out of the original 22, five ( Ywamongi, Tamoke, Thindaung, Thabyaktha and Khanhlu ) lost their importance and were dropped out of the list. Then three new towns of Sawhla, Myaunghla and Myinzaing were added to make a list of nine.

According to U Aung Myint, Conservator, Mandalay Forest Division, who first discovered this site from his readings on the aerial photographs and who told us about it in the 1968 Annual Research Congress held at Yangon, this site is bigger in area than all the above mentioned towns, In fact it is second in size only to Sriksetra which is the biggest walled ancient town in Myanmar.

In addition to this, U Aung Myint maintained that after comparative study in the degree of decay in the walls, it seems to be the oldest-older than the Vishnu Old Town near Taungdwingyi, which is believed to be of the 1 st century AD, but he added a word of caution that degree of decay alone could not be the criterion because there were and still are thieves who took away bricks from the old walls to sell for eight kyats a hundred.

U AungMyint continued to say that there is a small village at present called Maingmaw close to the centre of the old site and therefore he had tentatively named it Maingmaw Old Town with another word of caution that it has got nothing to do with Maingmaw in the People’s Republic of China between the two rivers of Shweli and NamWan on the north of Namkham. I was with the team headed by Professor G.H,Luce visiting the Eleven Khayaings in 1956 and we took very little notice of this site which lay close to Pinle.

U Aung Myint talked about it at length with maps and photographs at the Saturday Literary Group meeting at Hanthawaddy Press, Mandalay, on 24December 1977 and he succeeded in convincing his audience that he had discovered a worthy site for archaeological excavations that could and much to our knowledge of early Myanma history. I went with hem to see the site on 9 February 1978 and like him I was amazed by its size, shape and location and I agreed with him that authorities concerned should be requested to do the digging there as quickly as possible.

Was it a town built by Shans? It is a site located at latitude 21deg 17 min of North and longitude 96deg 12 min East and is close to a bend in the Paulaung river where it flows from east to west. The Nathlwe Canal passes through it. This canal takes off from the left bank of the Panlaung about five miles below the Kinda Weir and it waters the whole area from the Panlaung in the east to the Yangon-Mandalay railway line that passes through Thabyedaung in the West.

There are four routes leading up to the Shan plateau. One route follows the Myitnge river, second the Taunghla valley on the east of Kyaukse town, third the Zawgyi valley and the fourth the Panlaung river and the Nattheik pass.

Pinle was the fort during the 11 to centuries AD that guarded the fourth route coming through Nattheik and we believe that Maingmaw was a bigger and stronger fort that guarded the area long before the Xhans came to live in the hills which we now call the Shan Plateau. Some suggest that Shans could have built this place as they came to occupy these plains of Kyaukse by the close of the 13 century. But when its fortification walls, as seen on aerial photographs, are compared to all other walls at Makkhaya, Myingondaing., Myinzaing, Pinle, etc. We have the impression that it is the oldest. We might therefore assume that it was not Shans who built the place.

Was it a town built by Pyus? Sriksetra was a well known Pyu town, because Pyu inscriptions were found there which were first deciphered by COBlagden. It is a big town with an almost circular brick wall enclosing not only residential quarters by also a large area to grow rice. This Maingmaw Old Town also has a circular brick wall nearly as big as that of Sriksetra and it certainly includes rice fields in it. Sriksetra has a square enclosure called the Palace Site in the centre. Maingmaw has a Place Square too.

The only difference is Maingmaw’s square enclosure wall has within it another circular wall. A pagoda near the centre of this inner circular wall is called by the local people as the Nandawya Hpaya-Pagoda at the Palace Site. But we are almost sure that the pagodas are of the 18 century AD. As surface finds, there are a few coins. One type has Srivatsa and Sankha on the obverse and Bhadrapita on the reverse. Another has Srivatsa on the obverse and a rising sun on the reverse. On the other hand we know that another Pyu town called Halin has a rectangular enclosure wall. And it is not safe to call the two types of coins just mentioned as Pyu coins. Until we have further evidence produced by archaeology, we could not say that Pyus had built it.

Was it a town built by Mons? They had built towns like Bago, Dagon, Dala, Madama, Thaton, etc. An eminent scholar has said the following about Mons. (1) Of the present inhabitants of Myanma, the Mons are the oldest. (2) Once Mons must have spread all over Myanma though they wanted to remain on the eastern half. (3) Mons were, it seems, pioneers in the cultivation of rice and beans. (4) Oldest Mons were similar to the Mundas of India and Senoi-Sakai Malayas. (5) Mon’s hold on southern Myanma was impaired by the infilteration of south Indians early in the Christian Era. (6) when Burmans suddenly came down the Shan Hills probably through the Nattheik Pass, Mons receded to the south and they lived thickly along the Samon and Sittaung valleys though a few remained near the conjunction of the Ayeyarwaddy and the Myitnge rivers. The oldest Mon inscription of octagonal pillar at VatSanSung, Loputi, is dated 8 century AD. If it were a Mon town and if it were destroyed in the 9 century AD an archaeological excavation could unearth some Mon inscriptions with several other evidence either to support of suppress the above assumption.

We still have two more points to consider. Firstly there is a deviation of 10 degrees to the west in the north-south alignment of the Maingmaw rectangular wall. The Vishnu Old Town has a deviation of 13 degrees. The deviation of magnetic north from ture north varies with time. At a certain time the two norths coincide and then the magnetic north deviates to the east and to the west like the swing of a pendulum. One complete swing will take about 160 years. From one observation we find that there was no deviation in 260BC. Then the swing went farthest west in 100BC; came back to no deviation point in AD60; and went farthest east in AD 140. at latitudes 15 degrees and 25 degree north deviations to the east would be within seven and eight degrees at the farthest. We still could not know how much of these calculations would be true and reliable but we have something to work upon. In the case of the Vishnu Old Town the deviation to the west is 13 degrees and that indicates that the town was built in early 1 century BC. Then Maingmaw could be of the mid 2 century BC. Excavation results might either proof or refuse this.

Secondly there are paddy husks in the bricks. By an article recently published by KaungNyunt in the Pinnya Padetha, Science Number, XI, iii, June 1977 pp 117-137 we know that a team of workers led by one T Watabe and including the author, had studied paddy husks found in the old bricks at the old towns of Myanma to identify the species of rice grown in olden times in South-East Asia. According to them, one called the Mekhon type has the grain round in shape and was grown in early times. From about the 12 century another species called the Bengal type with the grain oblong in shapewas introduced. Bricks from the Vishnu Old Town have a majotiry of husks from rice grains of the Mekhon type. Most probably the bricksof Maingmaw which also have paddy husks in them so that was could achieve results with certainly.
In conclusion I would like to stress four points. Firstly, it is one of the earliest towns built by rice growing farmers in the irrigated fields of Myanma. Secondly it was founded in about the middle of the 2 century BC. Thirdly it is not unlikely that it was destroyed in the middle of the 9 century AD and we all have completely forgotten it. Fourthly I support U Aung Myint’s request that an archaeological excavation be done on that site as earliest as possible so that we could know more about it with some degree of certainty.

+ Dr, ThanTun +

"Ref; The Working People’s Daily, 24-25 February 1978"